{
  "id": "ark:/99999/dp-invacost-economic-cost-estimates-associated-with-biological.v1",
  "concept": "ark:/99999/dp-invacost-economic-cost-estimates-associated-with-biological",
  "url": "https://datasetpapers.com/papers/invasion-economics-invacost-cost-structure/",
  "title": "Potential cost estimates dwarf observed ones in the InvaCost database, and damage costs far exceed management costs",
  "source_dataset": {
    "title": "InvaCost: Economic cost estimates associated with biological invasions worldwide.",
    "doi": "10.6084/m9.figshare.12668570.v5",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
  },
  "verification": {
    "method": "re_execution",
    "status": "matched",
    "reproduced": true,
    "ran_at": "2026-07-07T20:14:48Z",
    "record": "verification.json"
  },
  "gate": {
    "passed": true,
    "version": "gate-0.1",
    "novelty_grade": "B",
    "failed": []
  },
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "ark:/99999/dp-invacost-economic-cost-estimates-associated-with-biological.v1/claim-1",
      "n": 1,
      "triple": {
        "subject": "recorded potential (extrapolated) invasion cost estimates",
        "predicate": "are far larger than",
        "object": "observed cost estimates in InvaCost"
      },
      "assertion_text": "Costs recorded as 'potential' are roughly 48-75x larger than 'observed' costs (observed median 1.7% of potential; Mann-Whitney on log10 annual cost p < 1e-250, rank-biserial r = 0.45; median-ratio 95% CI [0.013, 0.021] observed/potential; n = 10,882 vs 2,462). Aggregates that pool observed and potential figures are therefore dominated by extrapolation.",
      "novelty_grade": "B",
      "mode": "confirmatory",
      "confidence": 0.9,
      "self_reported_status": "re_executed",
      "independent_reexecution": "matched",
      "entities": [
        {
          "label": "economic cost",
          "id": null,
          "iri": null,
          "ontology": null,
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        },
        {
          "label": "biological invasion",
          "id": null,
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          "verified": false
        }
      ],
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        },
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        },
        {
          "predicate": "wasDerivedFrom",
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        },
        {
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    },
    {
      "id": "ark:/99999/dp-invacost-economic-cost-estimates-associated-with-biological.v1/claim-2",
      "n": 2,
      "triple": {
        "subject": "recorded costs of terrestrial invasions",
        "predicate": "are modestly higher than",
        "object": "recorded costs of aquatic invasions"
      },
      "assertion_text": "Terrestrial invasions carry higher recorded annual costs than aquatic ones (median ratio 3.2x, 95% CI [2.5, 4.1]; Mann-Whitney p = 2.5e-9), but the effect is small (rank-biserial r = -0.09) and significant largely because of the sample size (n = 10,296 vs 1,716).",
      "novelty_grade": "C",
      "mode": "confirmatory",
      "confidence": 0.8,
      "self_reported_status": "re_executed",
      "independent_reexecution": "matched",
      "entities": [
        {
          "label": "terrestrial environment",
          "id": "ENVO:00000349",
          "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000349",
          "ontology": "envo",
          "verified": true
        },
        {
          "label": "aquatic environment",
          "id": "ENVO:01000317",
          "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000317",
          "ontology": "envo",
          "verified": true
        }
      ],
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "supportedByEvidence",
          "target": "ark:/99999/dp-invacost-economic-cost-estimates-associated-with-biological.v1/fig-2"
        },
        {
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    {
      "id": "ark:/99999/dp-invacost-economic-cost-estimates-associated-with-biological.v1/claim-3",
      "n": 3,
      "triple": {
        "subject": "recorded damage costs of invasions",
        "predicate": "vastly exceed",
        "object": "recorded management (control) costs"
      },
      "assertion_text": "Damage costs are about 194x larger than management costs at the median (95% CI [162, 240]; Mann-Whitney p < 1e-300, large effect rank-biserial r = -0.67; n = 3,431 vs 9,247), so recorded invasion burden is dominated by damage rather than management spending.",
      "novelty_grade": "B",
      "mode": "confirmatory",
      "confidence": 0.85,
      "self_reported_status": "re_executed",
      "independent_reexecution": "matched",
      "entities": [
        {
          "label": "economic cost",
          "id": null,
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        }
      ],
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    {
      "id": "ark:/99999/dp-invacost-economic-cost-estimates-associated-with-biological.v1/claim-4",
      "n": 4,
      "triple": {
        "subject": "these InvaCost cost contrasts",
        "predicate": "describe recorded costs subject to reporting bias, not",
        "object": "the true economic burden of invasions"
      },
      "assertion_text": "All contrasts are of literature-compiled recorded costs with documented reporting, geographic, and taxonomic biases; between-group differences partly reflect what has been studied and monetised, so the results bound what is recorded rather than what invasions truly cost.",
      "novelty_grade": "C",
      "mode": "exploratory",
      "confidence": 0.8,
      "self_reported_status": "re_executed",
      "independent_reexecution": "matched",
      "entities": [
        {
          "label": "biological invasion",
          "id": null,
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