{
  "id": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1",
  "concept": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence",
  "type": "datasetpaper",
  "title": "Preferred-gender congruence and facial attractiveness: a crossed mixed-model reanalysis of the Face Research Lab London Set",
  "discipline": "face perception",
  "description": "This is a pre-registered secondary analysis of a single, fixed question: do raters give higher attractiveness ratings to faces of their preferred gender (…",
  "url": "https://datasetpapers.com/papers/face-perception-attractiveness-preference/",
  "trust_distance": 0,
  "verification": {
    "claims": 6,
    "re_executed": 0,
    "unverified": 6
  },
  "byline": {
    "software_agent": {
      "name": "Claude Opus 4.8",
      "model_id": "claude-opus-4-8"
    },
    "data_creators": [
      "Lisa DeBruine",
      "Benedict Jones"
    ],
    "data_creator_orcids": {
      "Lisa DeBruine": "0000-0002-7523-5539"
    },
    "question_asker": "Mark Hahnel"
  },
  "source_dataset": {
    "title": "Face Research Lab London Set",
    "doi": "10.6084/m9.figshare.5047666",
    "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
    "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5047666",
    "download_url": "https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Face_Research_Lab_London_Set/5047666"
  },
  "components": [
    {
      "name": "analysis",
      "type": "code",
      "path": "analysis.py",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/analysis",
      "produced_by": null
    },
    {
      "name": "fig-1",
      "type": "figure",
      "path": "figures/fig-1-preference-congruence.png",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/fig-1",
      "produced_by": "analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "fig-2",
      "type": "figure",
      "path": "figures/fig-2-moderation-sex-age.png",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/fig-2",
      "produced_by": "analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "fig-3",
      "type": "figure",
      "path": "figures/fig-3-robustness.png",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/fig-3",
      "produced_by": "analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "tbl-1",
      "type": "table",
      "path": "tables/tbl-1-t1-congruence.csv",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/tbl-1",
      "produced_by": "analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "tbl-2",
      "type": "table",
      "path": "tables/tbl-2-t2-moderation.csv",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/tbl-2",
      "produced_by": "analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "tbl-3",
      "type": "table",
      "path": "tables/tbl-3-t3-robustness.csv",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/tbl-3",
      "produced_by": "analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "tbl-4",
      "type": "table",
      "path": "tables/tbl-4-composition.csv",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/tbl-4",
      "produced_by": "analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "narrative",
      "type": "narrative",
      "path": "narrative.md",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/narrative",
      "produced_by": null
    }
  ],
  "claims": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "subject": "preferred-gender congruence",
      "predicate": "raises",
      "object": "attractiveness rating (crossed mixed model)",
      "assertion_text": "Once crossed random intercepts for rater and face are included, rating a face of a rater's preferred gender raises the attractiveness rating by 0.037 points on the 1-7 scale (95% CI 0.028 to 0.047; standardized effect 0.024; raw p=6.54e-14, Holm p=2.62e-13; n=225420 ratings from 2210 raters). The effect is statistically robust but very small in magnitude.",
      "supported_by": [
        "fig-1",
        "tbl-1"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.9,
      "novelty_grade": "C",
      "mode": "confirmatory",
      "verification_status": "unverified",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/claim-1",
      "entities": [
        {
          "label": "Homo sapiens",
          "id": "NCBITaxon:9606",
          "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606",
          "ontology": "ncbitaxon",
          "verified": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "subject": "naive per-rater comparison",
      "predicate": "reverses sign versus",
      "object": "the structure-adjusted estimate",
      "assertion_text": "The unadjusted per-rater mean difference (congruent minus incongruent) is negative (-0.139 points; Wilcoxon signed-rank p=9.27e-21, n=1990 raters), the opposite sign to the +0.037-point crossed-model estimate — a Simpson-type reversal produced by face-composition confounding that the crossed model removes.",
      "supported_by": [
        "fig-1",
        "tbl-1"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.85,
      "novelty_grade": "B",
      "mode": "exploratory",
      "verification_status": "unverified",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/claim-2",
      "entities": [
        {
          "label": "Homo sapiens",
          "id": "NCBITaxon:9606",
          "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606",
          "ontology": "ncbitaxon",
          "verified": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "subject": "the congruence effect",
      "predicate": "is moderated by",
      "object": "rater sex",
      "assertion_text": "The congruence effect depends strongly on rater sex (congruence x sex interaction 0.105 points, 95% CI 0.077 to 0.133; raw p=1.36e-13, Holm p=4.07e-13). It is carried by male raters (+0.091 points, 95% CI 0.074 to 0.108) and is null for female raters (-0.014 points, 95% CI -0.031 to 0.003, CI spans zero).",
      "supported_by": [
        "fig-2",
        "tbl-2"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.9,
      "novelty_grade": "B",
      "mode": "confirmatory",
      "verification_status": "unverified",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/claim-3",
      "entities": [
        {
          "label": "Homo sapiens",
          "id": "NCBITaxon:9606",
          "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606",
          "ontology": "ncbitaxon",
          "verified": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "subject": "the congruence effect",
      "predicate": "increases with",
      "object": "rater age",
      "assertion_text": "The congruence effect increases with rater age by 0.0037 points per year (95% CI 0.0028 to 0.0047; raw p=7.61e-15, Holm p=3.80e-14; at the mean age of 26.6 years the effect is 0.035 points).",
      "supported_by": [
        "fig-2",
        "tbl-2"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.8,
      "novelty_grade": "C",
      "mode": "confirmatory",
      "verification_status": "unverified",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/claim-4",
      "entities": [
        {
          "label": "Homo sapiens",
          "id": "NCBITaxon:9606",
          "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606",
          "ontology": "ncbitaxon",
          "verified": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "subject": "the congruence effect",
      "predicate": "is robust to",
      "object": "excluding either/neither raters",
      "assertion_text": "Restricting to raters with an unambiguous single-gender preference (men or women only) leaves the estimate essentially unchanged: 0.036 points (95% CI 0.026 to 0.046; Holm p=1.29e-12; n=1990 raters), versus +0.037 in the primary model.",
      "supported_by": [
        "fig-3",
        "tbl-3"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.9,
      "novelty_grade": "C",
      "mode": "confirmatory",
      "verification_status": "unverified",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/claim-5",
      "entities": [
        {
          "label": "Homo sapiens",
          "id": "NCBITaxon:9606",
          "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606",
          "ontology": "ncbitaxon",
          "verified": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "subject": "the congruence effect",
      "predicate": "reverses sign under",
      "object": "a rater-sex-based (heterosexual-assumption) definition",
      "assertion_text": "When congruence is defined from rater sex under a heterosexual assumption instead of stated preference, the effect reverses to -0.031 points (95% CI -0.040 to -0.022; Holm p=2.72e-12; n=2507 raters): faces of the assumed-preferred gender are rated slightly lower, showing the positive congruence effect is specific to stated preference.",
      "supported_by": [
        "fig-3",
        "tbl-3"
      ],
      "confidence": 0.85,
      "novelty_grade": "B",
      "mode": "confirmatory-test-negative",
      "verification_status": "unverified",
      "ark": "ark:/99999/dp-face-preference-congruence.v1/claim-6",
      "entities": [
        {
          "label": "Homo sapiens",
          "id": "NCBITaxon:9606",
          "iri": "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606",
          "ontology": "ncbitaxon",
          "verified": true
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "exports": {
    "object_json": "object.json",
    "ro_crate": "ro-crate-metadata.json",
    "code": "analysis.py",
    "emissions": [
      {
        "format": "datapackage",
        "file": "datapackage.json"
      },
      {
        "format": "croissant",
        "file": "croissant.json"
      },
      {
        "format": "nanopub-signed",
        "file": "nanopublications.trig"
      }
    ]
  }
}